Chemical pumps are extensively used across various industries such as chemical, petroleum, metallurgy, light industry, synthetic fiber, environmental protection, food, and pharmaceutical sectors. Their primary purpose is to enhance product quality, minimize leakage, reduce operational costs, prevent pollution, and improve the working environment. The high sealing performance of these pumps can be attributed to two key factors: sealing design and material selection.
**Sealing Types**
For static seals, the most common methods include gaskets and O-rings, with O-rings being the most widely used due to their simplicity and effectiveness. In contrast, dynamic seals in chemical pumps typically rely on mechanical seals rather than traditional packing seals. Mechanical seals come in different configurations, such as single or double-ended, balanced or unbalanced types. For high-pressure applications (typically above 1.0 MPa), balanced mechanical seals are preferred. On the other hand, double-ended mechanical seals are commonly used for high-temperature, crystallizable, viscous, or particulate-laden media, as well as for toxic or volatile substances. To ensure proper operation, an isolation fluid is usually injected into the sealing chamber, maintaining a pressure higher than the process medium by approximately 0.07 to 0.1 MPa.
**Sealing Materials**
Static sealing materials in chemical pumps are typically made from fluorine rubber, which offers good resistance to chemicals and heat. In special cases, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) may be used for its excellent chemical inertness. However, the choice of materials for mechanical seal faces is even more critical. It is generally recommended to use hard materials like cemented carbide for the rotating ring, as it provides better wear resistance. Although cemented carbide is more expensive, it ensures long-term reliability. Additionally, it's important to match the hardness of the stationary and rotating components to avoid excessive wear. The selection of sealing materials should also consider the specific properties of the medium being handled, ensuring compatibility and optimal performance.
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