A Summary of Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Banks

Germplasm resources are the genetic material inherited from their parents to their offspring. It is the material basis for the cultivation of new varieties and a strategic resource for human survival and development. There are about 300,000 kinds of plants on the earth, which contain abundant germplasm resources. Digging and using only a small part of them is enough to open up a vast field for crop breeding. So far, more than 1400 kinds of germplasm pools have been established in the world, and more than 7 million germplasm resources have been collected (including the repeated preservation of various countries). Among them, China’s long-term preservation of germplasm resources totals 450,000, ranking The second in the world. The germplasm resource bank of crops is an important equipment for the protection of germplasm.

Since the formulation of the seed law, the protection of germplasm resources is one of the most important aspects. However, with the passage of time and the ever-changing society, the protection system for germplasm resources should also be continuously improved. At the same time, this is also an important part of the ongoing revision of the seed law. Liu Zhenwei, member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and deputy chairman of the National People's Congress Agriculture and Rural Committee, believes that in recent years, due to rapid urbanization, large-scale development and construction, abnormal climate change, and deterioration of the ecological environment, the situation of germplasm resources protection in China has been compared. severe. With the development of modern biotechnology, traditional protection methods have been difficult to adapt. It is necessary to build the germplasm resources bank of crops.

Clearly use public funds to collect and preserve the germplasm resources of public resources, establish a germplasm resource bank, open to the society according to law, and promote commercial applications. Establish a scientific and rational assessment and performance evaluation mechanism that is compatible with the basic and public welfare research of germplasm resources, and mobilize the enthusiasm of researchers for the study of germplasm resources. Encourage and support domestic seed companies to introduce internationally superior germplasm resources and improve the effective use of germplasm resources.

At the same time, accelerate the exploration and establishment of a germplasm resource acquisition and benefit-sharing mechanism to encourage and mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society for the collection, preservation, protection and innovation of germplasm resources. Germplasm resources are the natural basis for human society to survive and develop. The use of crop Germplasm Resources to protect germplasm resources is to protect ourselves. The effective use of germplasm resources is a requirement for social development. It is an inevitable way for China to change from a large country with germplasm resources to a major country.

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