With the continuous improvement of our economy and the rapid development of industrialization in recent years, domestic iron ore supply has become tighter. At the same time that domestic ore production continues to increase, ore imports have also increased year by year. Relevant data show that from January to November 2008, the domestic cumulative crude steel output was 462.961 million tons, up 2.6% year-on-year; from January to November, pig iron production was 4341.446 million tons, up 1% year-on-year; from January to November, domestic steel output was 5307.45 million tons. , a year-on-year increase of 4.3%; domestic cumulative production of raw ore from January to November was 74,154,600 tons, an increase of 20.4%.

The huge demand for iron ore has exerted unprecedented pressure on iron ore production and imports, and iron ore prices have risen steadily. Due to the sustained high growth of China's iron ore output in recent years, although the growth rate of imported ore has shown a downward trend, the current iron ore supply and demand contradiction in China is still sharp and the situation is grim. Compared with developed countries such as Japan and the European Union, China's iron ore resource strategy needs to be adjusted urgently, and there is still a long way to go. We must conform to the development trend of globalization, promote the globalization development strategy of mineral resources, and make use of foreign iron ore resources to achieve sustainable utilization and supply of iron ore resources while vigorously improving the level of domestic resource guarantee.

I. Improve the development of domestic iron ore resources

(1) Do a good job in geological exploration to ensure the reserve source

China has a vast territory, a large total amount of resources, and the total amount of mineral resources is the third in the world, second only to the United States and Russia. The output of iron and steel ranks first in the world. The type of iron ore is complete, the geological conditions of mineralization are diverse, widely distributed, but concentrated, and the prospecting potential is huge.

The resources in the northeast and north China are the most abundant, followed by the southwest and south-central regions. In terms of provinces (regions), Liaoning Province's reserves (11.181 billion tons) ranked first. Followed by Hebei (6.236 billion tons) and Sichuan (5.332 billion tons), the total reserves of the three provinces accounted for 49.1% of the country's reserves. At present, China has identified 40.7 billion tons of iron ore resources reserves, and it is predicted that the resources are not more than 100 billion tons. Strengthening domestic geological exploration of iron ore resources and finding new mine sources are important ways to improve the level of domestic mineral resources protection and supply capacity.

It is necessary to increase the effective investment in the exploration and development of mineral resources, promote the diversification of iron ore resources exploration investment, expand the scope and depth of exploration and development, and increase the supply of iron ore resources. On the one hand, we must give play to the guiding role of the government and relevant institutions, increase support for the development of iron ore resources, make overall plans, coordinate development, and correctly handle the exploration and development of mineral resources in the eastern and western regions, developed and underdeveloped regions, The relationship between state-owned mining enterprises and non-state-owned mining enterprises, scale development and small-scale mining, promote the coordinated development of regional economy and the healthy development of mineral resources exploration and development; strengthen the protection of mineral resources, promote the improvement of mine ecological environment, reduce and control mineral resources The production, mining, selection, metallurgy and other production links cause damage and pollution to the resources and environment, achieve a virtuous circle of mineral resources development and ecological environmental protection, and improve the laws and regulations of mine environmental protection. On the other hand, through policy support, technical and other measures to promote, guide and encourage the public to engage in commercial geological exploration, attract more businesses and social capital to invest in iron ore geological exploration, the geological exploration of social, market-oriented, Standardization. It will form a new mineral exploration mechanism that is guided by government investment, with social investment as the main body, self-sufficient risk, self-interested income, and multi-channel investment in geological prospecting.

(2) On the basis of improving existing mine resources, gradually increase the construction of new mines

Among the proven mine resources in China, a considerable amount of quality is low, and the exploitation and utilization of these resources is an important way to solve the problem of China's mineral resources supply. The government encourages the improvement of the infrastructure of mineral resources concentration areas, the improvement of external conditions of mine construction, the use of high and new technology, and the reduction of development costs, so that resources with poor economic availability can be quickly transformed into economically available resources and the level of comprehensive utilization of resources can be improved. . The potential of low-grade ore development in China is very huge. By the end of 2005, the national iron ore resources had been identified as 59.285 billion tons, most of which were poor ore, accounting for 98.2% of the total iron ore reserves. Ming resources reserves are only 1.83 billion tons. The development of low-grade ore has also become an important measure to tap the potential of mine resources. By optimizing the realm of the stope, reasonably determining the stripping ratio, adjusting the ore blending, increasing the recovery rate, and achieving the full utilization of low-grade ore, the resource reserves of the old mines can be increased, and the utilization of resources in China can be improved.

With more than 50 years of mining after the founding of the People's Republic of China, some large and medium-sized mines in the eastern part of China have entered the middle and late stages of mining, or have been transferred to underground mining or the capacity has been declining year by year. Through the exploration of the deep and peripheral parts of the identified ore bodies, the resource potential of these mines is explored, and the continuous production and supply of iron ore is guaranteed, which has become the focus of future work. In 2006, after the "Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Geological Work" was issued, China's iron ore exploration investment has increased significantly, and a number of important iron ore prospecting discoveries and achievements have been obtained nationwide. Important exploration results have been obtained in the deep and peripheral areas of a number of known iron deposits such as Qian'an in Hebei, Daye in Hubei, Gongchangling and Yanzishan in Liaoning, and the iron ore resources available in the deep-side of large and medium-sized mines are about 20 billion tons.

However, in order to greatly increase domestic ore production and reduce dependence on imported ore, it is not possible to rely solely on the reconstruction and expansion of existing mines and ultra-strength production, but to accelerate the pace of new large and medium-sized mines. Successfully put into production and reach the design production capacity as soon as possible.

Second, increase the use of foreign iron ore resources

Due to the quality and grade of foreign ore, it is obviously superior to domestic ore, and the international iron ore production capacity is huge. Imported iron ore not only saves domestic iron ore resources, but also optimizes resource allocation and steel charge structure. The so-called increase in efforts to develop foreign iron ore resources does not mean participating in iron ore projects of foreign steel giants, but investing in other iron ore projects. If you participate in the international giant's iron ore project, you can get a lot of benefits, but this is only a solution to the problem of supplying stock resources, and has not actually solved the passive situation of China's imported iron ore. As the world's largest demander of iron ore, China's steel industry has a unique market advantage to the upstream industry. Opening up a new pattern from resources to transportation is of great significance to maintaining the sustainable and healthy development of the steel industry.

(1) Adopting active means to stabilize the price of imported iron ore

In 2007, the output of iron ore in China's above-scale mines was 707 million tons, and the volume of imported ore reached 423 million tons, making it the world's largest iron ore procurement and consumer. From January to November 2008, China imported a total of 40.913 million tons of iron ore, an increase of 17.3%. Faced with the soaring international iron ore prices, China's steel companies have taken on unprecedented pressure. Since the implementation of the “going out” strategy by Chinese enterprises is much later than that of other developed countries, steel companies are in an extremely passive position and lack the right to speak when importing ore.

In the face of the current grim situation, the state should examine the status quo of iron ore resource development and utilization from a strategic perspective, conduct resource diplomacy, and create conditions for enterprises to develop resources externally. For China's iron and steel enterprises, we must change the previous model of decentralized procurement and individual governance, and participate in the formulation of international iron ore prices in a holistic manner through domestic steel backbone enterprises and industry associations, increasing the weight of speech. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the share of long-term supply agreements and reduce short-term market purchases. In the negotiations, it is necessary to maintain the traditional pricing mechanism, maintain normal market order, maintain long-term friendly cooperation between upstream and downstream, and also safeguard the interests of China's steel enterprises and reject unreasonable price increases.

(II) Investing in the development of foreign iron ore resources and reducing the cost of imported iron minerals

The huge demand for iron ore has led to an increase in the price of iron ore, which has brought enormous cost pressure to Chinese steel companies. The three largest mining giants in the world – Brazil's Vale, Australia's BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto – hold nearly 80% of the world's iron ore trading volume, and the dominance of iron ore prices is still in the hands of the three giants. Under this situation, China's iron and steel enterprises want to survive and develop in the fierce market competition. In addition to strengthening their own strength to increase the dominance of iron ore pricing, they should pay more attention to starting from the internal structure, reducing costs and winning advantages.

For a long time, developed countries represented by the United States, Canada, Japan, and the United Kingdom have been striving to implement global resource strategies and encourage domestic companies to develop mineral resources overseas. The intention is to optimize resource allocation, obtain cheap, high-quality mineral resources, and expand The ability to control global resources, ensure the needs of domestic resources, and ensure national economic security. In the development of overseas iron ore resources, the government should play a leading role in establishing a foreign mineral resources risk exploration and development fund to support the risk exploration and development of foreign iron ore resources; in the areas of external financing, credit and taxation, implement corresponding preferential policies to encourage Enterprises go out to cooperate with foreign mining enterprises; extend the industrial chain to form a community of interests of mines, shipping, traders and steel mills, and master the control of resources. Thereby establishing a group of long-term, stable and high-quality iron ore supply base to ensure the sustainable development of China's steel industry.

On the other hand, the optimization of imported iron ore logistics, further reduce the cost of imported mineral streams, and tap the third source of profit for enterprises. This is a very effective way for Chinese steel companies to reduce costs and improve international competitiveness. At present, China's imported mineral streams are still very imperfect. Logistics and transportation are still the limiting links in the development of the iron and steel industry. In the cost of importing iron ore, the logistics cost of Jianghai transportation and warehousing transit has exceeded 50%. A large number of imported iron ore mines have insufficient capacity for unloading, and the port pressure is serious. After the port is unloaded to the port, due to insufficient railway capacity, some ports have to rely on long-distance transportation of vehicles, which increases transportation costs. On the basis of obtaining low-cost raw materials, China's iron and steel enterprises are at a disadvantage of competition.

In view of the constraints of domestic port and railway transportation and the small size of iron ore professional transportation vessels, with the completion of the transformation of large-scale specialized berths in iron ore loading and unloading ports, the development of large-scale specialized ship models for iron ore transportation It must be done.

Third, to achieve sustainable development and supply of iron ore resources

(1) Strengthening the exploration and development of overseas iron ore resources and establishing a stable supply base

While basing on domestic iron ore resources, making full use of foreign iron ore resources is the need to ensure the sustainable development of China's steel industry. The dependence of China's steel industry on imported iron ore is gradually increasing. In the face of the large-scale reorganization of the three major iron ore giants to control the global monopoly of iron ore trade volume of 80%, facing the sharp rise in the price of imported iron ore in the past three years, especially the import of iron ore in 2005 The severe situation of the price soaring 71.5%, the problem of the unreasonable structure of imported iron ore in China is highlighted. Although Chinese companies have successfully developed iron ore mines abroad, such as Sinosteel and Australia Hamersley Iron Ore Co., Ltd. jointly developed the Chana iron ore mine, Shougang wholly-owned development of Peruvian Marco Marcona iron ore, Baosteel and Brazil freshwater respectively River Valley Company, Australia Hamersley Iron Ore Co., Ltd. jointly developed iron ore, etc., but in general, the proportion of Chinese enterprises to develop iron ore outside the country accounted for a small proportion of imported iron ore. It is necessary to increase the intensity of offshore iron ore development, encourage and support enterprises with a certain degree to actively go out to establish a stable iron ore supply base to ensure the sustainable development of China's steel industry. The geological survey team should be actively encouraged and supported to carry out iron ore risk exploration work abroad. In short, in the use of foreign iron ore resources, we should adhere to both development and trade, and increase the exploration and development of offshore iron ore resources.

(2) Scientific and rational use of iron ore resources and coordinated development with environmental protection

On the one hand, China's iron ore resources are in short supply, and the available resources are insufficient. On the other hand, the order of development and utilization of iron ore resources is chaotic and the waste of resources is serious. There are a large number of local and group iron ore mines in China, and the iron ore produced has exceeded the key mines and local backbone mines. However, driven by the interests, there are indiscriminate mining and excavation phenomena, and it has been repeatedly banned. Difficulties such as mining and abandoning poverty, mining and easy to abandon, "large mines open, one mine more open" and other serious waste of iron ore resources, accelerate the consumption of iron ore resources in China. The comprehensive recovery rate of iron ore resources exploitation in China is only 50%, which is far lower than the utilization level of developed homes. We should vigorously promote resource conservation, strengthen the development of order management, and enable limited iron ore resources to be scientifically and rationally exploited and utilized to the greatest extent. Iron ore development should take the road of specialization and large-scale production, and strive to improve the comprehensive utilization level of domestic iron ore resources.

The iron ore mining and selection industry is an industry that has serious impact on the environment, such as surface subsidence, slope instability, landslides, mudslides and other geological disasters, water pollution, air dust pollution, tailings reservoirs occupying land, ecological damage, etc. Increasingly serious. We must continue to strictly enforce environmental laws and regulations, supervise, educate, and support the environmental protection work of mining enterprises, increase law enforcement efforts, and severely punish those who violate them. Standardize the order of development and utilization of iron ore resources, shut down small mines with low output and heavy pollution, and avoid the waste of resources such as “large mines open, one mine is open”. Mine mining and selection enterprises should take the road of specialization, large-scale and centralized production, and take the road of sustainable development. It is necessary to increase capital and technology investment, improve the comprehensive utilization level of iron ore resources, strive to improve the ecological environment of the mine, and focus on people-oriented, resource development, safe production and environmental protection.

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