As with mines that use other equipment to mine stone, before using beaded saws, preparations for ore construction are also required, such as: selection of blocks, selection of geological conditions of the ore body, water, electricity and roads to mines, economy Benefit analysis, etc., and the necessary mine design work should be carried out under the conditions, which is also the content of the feasibility study report. In addition to this, the basic construction work of the mine is carried out, and then the test mining is carried out until the official production. This chapter mainly discusses the necessary preparations when using a bead saw to mine a mine, selecting and determining the supporting Fangan of the mining equipment, the organization of the mine organization and personnel, and the overall layout.

First, the preparation of the stope

The preparatory work before the mining of stone mines mainly refers to the propulsion project of the ore body development project, the stripping project and the mining preparation trench. These three projects are generally arranged in order, and only when they have the conditions for simultaneous advancement, they can be constructed at the same time to speed up the progress of the engineering. The development of stone open pit mine refers to the construction of the transportation road between the ground and each horizontal layer in a certain way, and the construction of a transportation system connecting the stone stope and the transportation ground. Stone mines mined using bead saws, according to the natural conditions of the ore bodies, generally adopt road transport development, no trench development and joint development. The stripping project mainly refers to the removal of the overburden layer on the upper part of the ore body and the surrounding surrounding rock, so that the bedrock is exposed for formal mining. The development and advancement of the preparation for trenching is described in detail in Chapter 4, “Processing Methods for Beadsaw Mining Marble”. The following is a discussion on the use of beaded saws for the development of hillside open-air stone mines, open pit stone mining and underground stone mining.

1. The open-pit mining development project for hillsides is recommended for the development of open-pit mines in the hilly areas and in the depth of open pit mines with different heights. According to the relationship between the road and the ore body, the entrance trench can be arranged on one side of the ore body or the middle ore body has a long strike length. The working line can be divided into two central types of the left and right sides; if the ore body is straight The wing type can be utilized when the length is short. When transporting by road, the slope of the road should generally not exceed 8~10%, and the radius of the plane curve should be greater than 25 meters. Compared with other pioneering methods, the entrance trenching is easy to construct, low in cost and quick in effect.

For the open-pit mines with large mining scale and topographical conditions suitable for road extensions, the direct-moving trunk development method in road transportation development can be adopted. A transport system that is connected to the ground by leveling (steps). The advantage of the direct-moving trunk line development method is that the car directly enters the working level step, there is no blockage between the block and the gravel, and the transportation can be continued; the working faces on the multiple horizontal steps can not work at the same time. The beading saw and other auxiliary equipment are easy to transport and change the working position; the transportation capacity of the blocks and gravel and waste residue is large; the high-tonnage transport vehicles can be used to transport large blocks of blocks. The disadvantage is the high construction cost of highway lines.

In the open-pit mines with steep terrain, it is also possible to use the method of opening the mast in the trenchless development. When the terrain height difference is not large, the mast crane can be installed on the ground level and adopts the hanging operation mode; when the mast crane development method is adopted, the bead saw and its auxiliary equipment can flexibly move between different mining planes, due to the mast crane The lifting capacity is large, so the hoisting equipment is used as a matt material, and the shipment of the gravel is also very convenient. This is a simple development method with short construction time and quick effect; after the construction and mining production, the mast crane can be used continuously; the mechanical structure of the mast crane is simple and easy to maintain, and the operation is adaptable. Inadequacies After the service has been in a certain period of time, it is necessary to hang the mast.

2. Open pit mining in open pit mining Open pit mining in the open pits are mostly used in the development of trenches. If the ore body is extremely inclined, the mast crane can be installed on the side of the working side; if the ore body is horizontal or relatively flat, the mast crane should be installed on the non-working side. In order to reduce the number of displacements of the mast crane and increase the service life, when the mining operation surface is moved beyond the effective working radius of the mast lifting arm, a slow moving winch or an auxiliary loader such as a front end loader or a large forklift can be installed in the stope. To assist in dragging or moving the blocks to the working range of the mast hoisting arm, and then using the mast to hang to the ground for stacking in the inner stream or directly loading and transporting. There is also a pioneering method for the open-pit mining right, namely the cable crane development method, which is to install a supporting load cable between the two brackets installed on both sides of the ore body, and the trolley is pulled under the traction of the traction cable. The support on the support cable reciprocates. The spreader can be lifted or lowered along the Sling of the trolley. The advantages of this pioneering approach are low investment, quick results, large scope of work, simple equipment, and low operating costs. Since the lifting capacity of the slings is generally less than 3T, the range of motion is also limited. The blocks with the bead saw as the mining equipment are relatively large, so the cable crane development method is not suitable for mining with bead saws. Stone mine.

3. Pioneering project of cave mining

When the surface rock fissures of the mine are quite developed and the working surface is inconvenient to extend downward to form a depression open-pit mining, if the top-down conventional open-pit mining method is used, the amount of stripping before the mining right is quite large, the mining cost is increased, and the mining rate is increased. It must be very low, and a large number of sub-mechanics covering soil and waste rock are also difficult to handle. At this time, it is best to use cave mining. Some stone mines open on the slopes in the open pit can be converted into cave mining due to the high and steep rock wall left by the previous mining. In addition, in some open pit mining stone mines, when mining to deeper parts, it can also be converted into cave mining. In cave mining, it is generally necessary to saw a rectangular hole in the side wall of the ore body, and then use a beaded saw to cut in the hole to expand the space inside the hole. For new cave mining mines, different pioneers can be selected according to different natural conditions. If the problem of transportation between the hole and the road is solved, if it is a cave mining mine that has evolved from a hillside open pit or a sunken open pit mine, the pioneering method used by the original mine can be used. The pioneering project in the cave generally digs trenches at the top of the cave and continuously expands the mining site according to the method introduced in Chapter 4. Before the expansion of the work site, the displacement of the slow-moving winch block and the removal of the gravel can be utilized; when the work site is expanded to a certain space size, the straight-through dry revolutionary line development method of road transport development can be adopted. There are many caves in Italy that look like fire. This is because the country has a long history of stone mining. Many old mines with very long mine ages must be converted into cave-type mining rights to make the mine survive. At present, there is no cave-type mining mine in China.

4. Pioneering mine mining development project unique mining in Italy.

5. Other development methods In addition to the above various development methods, it is also possible to combine various development methods to form a new development method. For example, in some ore bodies with large height differences, it is possible to use a joint development method of straight-line development and mast hoisting. At this time, the appropriate height of the mine can be selected as the upper level of the mining level and the mast crane is installed on it. The upper mining right is undertaken by the mast crane, and the upper hanging mining operation is adopted. The straight-through trunk road is directly repaired to the upper mining level, and the blocks and gravel are transported out. When the upper horizontal layered mining is abandoned, the mast is transferred to the direction of 180 degrees, and the mining operation of the lower part of the ore body is undertaken. It is a hanging method. At this time, the blocks and gravel are directly transported by the ground road. There is also a development method called platform car hoisting, which is generally applicable to mines with steep innocence or deep mining face. It connects the ground and mining rights through a sloping trench. The pioneering method, blocks, gravel and equipment are transported in and out through a platform truck. This method of development also has the advantages of fast construction speed and low investment and simple equipment. However, it is not suitable for mining with bead saws because it is only suitable for mines with small blocks. In addition, this pioneer approach has many intermediate links and high operating costs.

6. Stripping project When the mine stripping project is carried out on stone mines mined with bead saws, in addition to removing the overburden from the overburden and not belonging to the ore body, it is also necessary to remove the broken ore sections where the cracks in the weathered section are very developed. Clean, revealing fresh, intact intact ore bedrock. There are many methods for stripping. In addition to the use of mechanical equipment such as excavators or bulldozers, conventional blasting methods can also be used to remove the surrounding rock and weathered ore sections, but it is reasonable to ensure that the ore bodies are not damaged. Select the blasting parameters to prevent the national ore body from being damaged by the national explosion surface.

Second, the equipment for mining equipment

When using the bead saw to mine the facing stone, it is also necessary to equip some auxiliary equipment to complete the various processes in the process of bead saw mining stone. Directly involved in the analysis and auxiliary equipment, hydraulic drilling machine for drilling, large-aperture pneumatic rock drill , hydraulic drilling machine for pushing and overturning the separation block, pneumatic bag or water pressure used with hydraulic top stone machine package. Its auxiliary equipment is a slow-moving hoist for moving blocks, lifting blocks and equipment handling, mast hoisting, car hoisting, crawler cranes, etc., cleaning waste slag, gravel, and bulldozers for stripping. It can be replaced by a wheeled or tracked front end loader. The selection and matching of mining and auxiliary equipment is determined according to the geology and natural conditions of the ore body, the scale of mine production, and the way of development and elimination. After the type and model of the equipment are determined, the number of bead saws should be determined according to the production scale. The marble mine in Italy has a history of mining for many years. The mine has a wide working area, a long working surface, and a high rate of mining rights. Generally, the production capacity of marble bead for each bead saw is 1500~2000 cubic meters per year. In China, there are very few marble mines that can reach the mining conditions like Italy. Therefore, when considering the production capacity of bead saws, it is generally necessary to mine marble blocks at 800 cubic meters per year per bead saw. In China, the proportion of mining equipment under the current conditions is that every three beaded saws are equipped with two hydraulic drilling machines, one working column, one hydraulic top stone machine (two sets per set) and two hand-held rock drilling machines . One bench rock drill, bead rope crimping tools and other small equipment. Also consider the inspection and maintenance of the equipment.

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