The orderly integration of chemical non-metallic mineral resources

On January 7, the Ministry of Land and Resources reported that in 2007, the consolidation of chemical non-metallic mineral resources was carried out in a structured and efficient manner. Through rational resource allocation, this initiative not only facilitated the scaling up of enterprises but also improved the efficiency and sustainability of resource exploitation and utilization. China is rich in non-metallic mineral resources, particularly in the chemical industry. In 2007, the Ministry launched the "Evaluation of High-quality Chemical Non-metallic Resources" project, which included significant reserves such as 220 million tons of phosphorus, 55.34 million tons of pyrite, and 520,000 tons of boron. Other notable figures included 3.65 million tons of potash, 14.14 million tons of fluorite, 210,000 tons of male (female) yellow, and 6.21 million tons of sodium nitrate. The preliminary estimate for phosphate rock resources reached 1.4 billion tons. However, despite the abundance of these resources, unchecked exploitation poses serious risks. Small, scattered enterprises often lack long-term vision, focusing instead on short-term gains, which threatens the sustainable development of China’s chemical non-metallic mineral resources. Analysts warn that without proper management, China could lose its potential in this sector within the next two decades. To address this, in 2007, China intensified the integration of chemical non-metallic mineral resources. For instance, the consolidation of phosphate resources saw collaboration between upstream and downstream chemical companies in several provinces. This effort aimed to streamline operations and ensure more efficient use of resources. In Hubei Province, a price adjustment fund for phosphate rock was introduced from January 1, 2007, using market mechanisms to protect and manage resources more effectively. Meanwhile, Yunnan did not implement special policies for phosphate rock, treating it similarly to other minerals. The focus there was on the "combination of mineral and fertilizer" strategy, though transportation limitations made cooperation with local enterprises more common. Guizhou followed a similar path, emphasizing "mineral-fertilizer integration" and "mineralization and consolidation." Notably, the 500,000-ton synthetic ammonia project by Kaifeng Group and Shandong Yanzhou Mine was progressing well, serving as a key component of Guizhou’s phosphate resource integration plan. Industry experts note that China’s phosphate rock resources remain limited. During the 2007 consolidation, regions with abundant resources were more inclined to retain control of their mines while collaborating primarily in the downstream fertilizer sector. This trend has led to a concentration of chemical companies in resource-rich areas, further reinforcing regional economic dynamics.

Piston Ring

What is a piston ring?

Piston ring is used to insert the piston groove inside the metal ring, piston ring is divided into two types: compression ring and oil ring. 

The compression ring can be used to seal the combustible mixture gas in the combustion chamber; The oil ring is used to scrape excess oil from the cylinder.


The significance of the piston ring:

Piston ring is the core component inside the fuel engine, it and cylinder, piston, cylinder wall together to complete the seal of fuel gas.

Commonly used car engines have two kinds of diesel and gasoline engines, because of their different fuel performance, the use of piston rings are not the same. 

Early piston rings were formed by casting, but with the progress of technology, high-power steel piston rings were born, and with the continuous improvement of engine functions and environmental requirements, a variety of advanced surface treatment applications, such as thermal spraying, electroplating, chromium plating, gas nitriding, physical deposition, surface coating, zinc-manganese phosphating treatment, etc., the function of the piston ring is greatly improved.


Functional characteristics of piston ring:

Piston ring function includes sealing, regulating oil (oil control), heat conduction (heat transfer), guidance (support) four roles. 

Sealing: refers to sealing gas, do not let the combustion chamber gas leakage to the crankcase, the gas leakage is controlled at a minimum, improve thermal efficiency.

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